當我們咀嚼的時候,牙根會受力往下壓,讓牙周膜內的微血管也跟著被壓縮,刺激血液回流大腦,給腦皮質層及海馬迴血流營養,活絡海馬迴的神經幹細胞,進而預防阿茲海默症。若是缺牙沒有處理,無法咀嚼食物,只能靠流質食物,牙周膜內的微血管無法被擠壓刺激血液回流大腦,海馬迴的神經幹細胞無法營養活絡,而海馬迴也因著年齡增長而日漸萎縮,形成阿茲海默症。
美國《老化》(Aging)醫學期刊於2020年公布長達22年的研究報告,其追蹤554位50歲以上的受試者,顯示咀嚼能力下降的程度與智力衰退呈現正相關。日本岐阜大學醫學院的小野塚實等教授,以功能性磁振造影來觀察咀嚼口香糖前、後海馬迴的變化,證實了年長者咀嚼口香糖2分鐘後可以活化海馬迴,但是對於年輕人卻無顯著的變化。因此,老年人多保存牙齒、多咀嚼可以刺激活化海馬迴的神經幹細胞以預防阿茲海默症。
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腦-顎口腔軸線(brain-stomatognathic axis)相關口腔功能人腦機制過去已有不少動物及人類實驗證實,咀嚼有助於維持海馬迴功能及認知能力。咀嚼時產生的神經活動可能有刺激海馬迴相關記憶機制及幫助認知的效果。亦有理論認為咀嚼能活絡海馬迴的神經細胞活動。有些動物實驗也發現咀嚼能促進神經發生。下視丘-垂體-腎上腺軸(HPA)為人體緊張反應中樞,有研究指出咀嚼有幫助減緩壓力之效果。

但是促進血液流會大腦一說並不正確,應稱為咀嚼導致三叉神經刺激的反應,。此外,雖然已有不少研究支持咀嚼和幫助認知的關聯,也有不少研究並不盡能重現口腔咀嚼能力和認知能力的正相關性。目前還需更加長期的追蹤報告,以及不同地區的研究對象。而且,許多研究中都顯示,牙齒保存狀況和認知能力未顯示明顯相關性。

Opinion Sources

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Chewing Maintains Hippocampus-Dependent Cognitive Function

Mastication (chewing) is important not only for food intake, but also for preserving and promoting the general health. Recent studies have showed that mastication helps to maintain cognitive functions

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4466515/

Chewing function and related parameters as a function of the degree of dementia: Is there a link between the brain and the mouth?

To date, no study has investigated the association between chewing function and related parameters as a function of the degree of dementia using a finer subdivision of the values of the Mini‐Mental St

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9291087/

Influence of Chewing Ability on Elderly Adults’ Cognitive Functioning: The Mediating Effects of the Ability to Perform Daily Life Activities and Nutritional Status

Chewing ability is also related to activities of daily living (ADLs) and nutritional status; however, these associations have not been firmly established. We examined chewing ability as a predictor va

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8835544/

Does reduced chewing ability efficiency influence cognitive function? Results of a 10-year national cohort study

A growing body of literature suggests that oral health can influence cognitive function during aging. However, it is currently unclear whether reduced masticatory efficiency influences cognitive impai

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9276352/

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